Two Nation Theory free essay sample

We can characterize country as a people who have some basic traits of race, language, religion or culture and joined together and sorted out by the state and by normal notions and goal. A country turns out to be so just when it has a soul or sentiment of nationality. A country is a socially homogeneous social gathering, and a politically free unit of the individuals, completely aware of its mystic life and articulation in a persistent manner. Nationality Mazzini stated: â€Å"Every individuals has its exceptional strategic that crucial its nationality†. Country and Nationality contrast in their significance despite the fact that they were utilized reciprocally. A country is a people having a feeling of unity among them and who are politically autonomous. On account of nationality it suggests a mental sentiment of solidarity among a people, yet in addition feeling of unity among them. The feeling of solidarity may be a record, of the individuals having regular history and culture. However, nationality generally requires the component of political freedom either accomplished or sought. Besides, a country must have a political association of enthusiastic want for such an association. Be that as it may, a nationality is a political, social, otherworldly and brought together network of a people. A. E. Zimmern stated: â€Å"Nationality, similar to religion, is abstract, mental, a state of brain, an otherworldly belonging, a method of feeling, thinking and living†. Two Nation Theory The two-country hypothesis in its least complex manner implies that social, political, strict, monetary and social dissimilarities between the two significant networks, Hindus and Muslims of the Sub-landmass. These distinctions of viewpoint, truth be told, were extraordinarily instrumental in offering ascend to two unmistakable political belief systems which were liable for the segment of the sub-landmass into two autonomous states. The two-country hypothesis implies that the Hindus and the Muslims are two unique countries. Based on two-country hypothesis the Quaid-I-Azam requested the parcel of India into two expresses, a Muslim state to be considered Pakistan and the other Hindu India that is Bharat. Advancement of Two Nation Theory Concept of Muslims as a Nation created before the foundation of Pakistan. Pakistan was the result of this idea of nationhood as opposed to Pakistan making an idea of nationhood. Reflectively the Muslim patriotism developed with the approach of Islam that acquainted new standards relevant with each circle of life. It promised the reclamation of the mankind setting up a generous society dependent on Qur’anic lessons. The start of the Muslim patriotism in the Sub-Continent might be credited to the principal Indian who acknowledged Islam. The Arab dealers had presented the new religion, Islam, in the Indian seaside regions. Muhammad canister Qasim was the main Muslim intruder who vanquished some piece of India and from that point onward, Mahmud of Ghazna propelled 17 assaults and opened the door to lecture Islam. The Muslim sufi (holy people) like Ali Hejveri, Miran Hussain Zanjani and so on entered Sub-Continent. They, dismissing the indecencies in the Indian culture, introduced the unadulterated useful image of the lessons of Islam and got enormous changes. Qutub-ud-Din Aibuk for all time set up Muslim administration in India that followed Sultanate and Mughal lines. In this manner a solid Muslim people group had developed in India who had its own specific manner of life, conventions, saints, history and culture. Islam couldn't be invested in Hinduism. Deen-e-Ilahi, Bakhti developments, and so on made response among the Muslim ulama to protect the unadulterated Islamic character and spare it from outer attack. Job of Sheik Ahmad Sirhindi and others is critical. Balance and social equity propelled transformations to Islam. The British prevailed upon the Muslim rulers because of the mechanical and logical turns of events and current war methodology. The War of Independence (1857) was a breaking misfortune to the Indian Muslims who were considered answerable for the resistance by the British. The Muslims were placed into the backwardness with the assistance of Hindus. This was one of the extraordinary inspirations that prepared to announce the different personality of patriotism, the Muslim patriotism. The Muslim researchers tried to change the instructing of Islamic law and to advance its application in a Muslim society. The unmistakable name among them is Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) who stirred and guided his locale well in time. His instructive drive, the Ali-Garh development, end up being the best methods for social versatility for the Muslim upper class under frontier rule. In 1885 the Indian National Congress was established to show the start of the Indian patriot development under the British. The Congress worked and helped the British principle. Sir Syed prompted the Muslims not to go along with it since, he thought, the Muslims were not in position to include into the counter government exercises. It has been contended that Sir Syeds dread of Hindu control planted the seeds for the Two Nations Theory later embraced by the All-India Muslim League, established in 1906 and prompted its interest for a different state for the Muslims of India. Sir Syed contended that cutting edge training and non-political exercises may be the way to Muslim progression. The Ali-Garh development delivered taught authority who could ensure the Muslims’ rights on the Western political lines. All India Muslim League had been established in Dhaka to elevate devotion to the British and to secure and propel the political rights and interests of the Muslims of India. In this manner the idea of ‘separate electorates’ was advanced to sunrise another day for the Indian Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two-Nation Theory In starting Sir Syed had confidence in Indian Nationalism however later because of Hindi-Urdu contention, Sir Syed’s confidence in a unified India was shaken and he started to advocate the two country hypothesis. He caused the Muslims to understand that they are independent country. Their religion is exceptionally ground-breaking. Muslims should interest for independent country of their own. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the main Muslim pioneer who utilized the word â€Å"NATION† for the Muslims of Sub-landmass. As indicated by Sir Syed in India there exist two countries, the Hindus and Muslims. They couldn't live respectively and that as the time would pass the antagonistic vibe between the two-country would develop. Sir Syed was of the view that Hindus and Muslims are two separate countries in light of the fact that their religion, history, culture and human advancement were not quite the same as one another. Sir Syed’s political perspectives could be summarized as: 1. That India was a mainland, not a nation. 2. That it was possessed by a huge populace of various races and various ideologies. 3. That among these, Hindus and Muslims, were the significant countries based on nationality, religion, customs, societies, social and verifiable conventions. 4. After the British quit, they couldn't share the political force similarly. That was just outlandish and unfathomable. 5. The Indian National Congress was not satisfactory to the Muslims. 6. Muslims couldn't acknowledge a vote based set up of western sort in light of the fact that with a one to four proportion of populace, they could be oppressed by the Hindus. 7. There would be a shocking common war if the Congress endured in its strategy of burdening together the two countries. The above talk about leads us to infer that Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the ardent adherent and famous minister to Two-Nation Theory; by virtue of which, he might be known as the genuine author to two-Nation Theory in sub-landmass. Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory Allama Iqbal was an extraordinary writer, scholar and a legislator. Iqbal had a touchy heart and a profound thought curious psyche. He was alarmed at the unfortunate states of the Muslims all in all and of the Indian Muslims specifically. Allama Iqbal conveyed verifiable location at Allahabad. â€Å"The units of Indian culture are not regional as in the European nations. India is a landmass of human gatherings having a place with various races communicating in various dialects and claiming various religions. Their conduct isn't at all controlled by a typical race-awareness. † Under such conditions, Allama Iqbal proposed a different condition of the Muslims. In his presidential location to the Allahabad meeting of the Muslim League in 1930, he stated: â€Å"Personally I would go further†¦. I might want to see the Punjab, North WestFrontierProvince, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a solitary state. Self-government inside the British Empire or without the British Empire, the development of a solitary solidified North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the last fate of the Muslims in any event of North WestIndia. † Allama Iqbal asserted that the Muslims were a different country in each regard. His own words in such manner were as per the following: We have a populace of seven crore among all countries of the sub-mainland, we are the most joined together. Indeed, of the considerable number of countries possessing the nation, Muslims are the main genuine country as indicated by the most current meaning of the world. † In short the prescience of Iqbal went about as a spike for the Muslims of India who longed for out an autonomous state Pakistan for themselves, after seventeen years (Allahabad Address 1930) on fourteenth August 1947. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory Quaid-e-Azam’s battle additionally dependent on two-country hypothesis: Quaid-e-Azam stated: Difference in India between the two significant countries, the Hindus and the Muslims are multiple times more noteworthy when contrasted and the mainland of Europe. † Quaid-e-Azam further stated: â€Å"India is definitely not a national state. India isn't a nation yet a Sub-mainland made out of nationalities, the two significant countries being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and civic establishments, language and writing, craftsmanship and engineering, names and classification, feeling of significant worth and extent, laws and statute, social good codes, customs and schedule, history and conventions, aptit

Developing a Social Science for Population-assignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theDeveloping a Social Science Perspective for Population. Answer: Presentation The subject of this academic paper is psychological well-being and self destruction with a particular spotlight on the Australian populace. In light of late reports and exact proof, there is a high rate of psychological maladjustments and self destruction in Australia. About 45.5% of the whole populace has encountered a psychological issue at a specific time in the course of their life. During the hour of the investigation, it was discovered that around 20.0% of Australians matured somewhere in the range of 16 and 85 years encountered a psychological issue over the most recent a year (Slade et al., 2009). The most well-known mental issue in Australia are mind-set issue, nervousness and substance use issue. While ladies have high odds of encountering tension issue, men have high odds of encountering substance use issue. Correspondingly, the study of disease transmission of self destruction is stressing. In 2014, self destruction was the main source of mortality in men matured somewhere in the range of 25 and 44 years and ladies matured somewhere in the range of 25 and 34 years (Kinchin Doran, 2017). When contrasted with young ladies, youngsters have higher odds of ending their lives. In spite of the fact that the frequency of self destruction is declining logically, it stays a worry for youthful Australians, guardians, wellbeing experts and policymakers. The high commonness of self destruction is additionally influencing the activity advertise. In 2014, around 903 specialists ended it all, and 2303 others hurt themselves prompting full weakening (Kinchin Doran, 2017). Mental and self destruction is a significant subject since it prompts noteworthy monetary misfortune and will in general influence a few sections of the populace in the network. The monetary expense of self destruction is assessed to be $6.73. This worth suggests that the economy is harmed by self destruction generously. The immediate expense of rewarding and thinking about people determined to have emotional wellness is high. The national spending on emotional well-being is high. For example, in 2010-2011, the national consumption on psychological wellness was up by 178% or $4.2 billion (Slade et. al., 2009). The state and region governments spend a lot higher on psychological well-being than the Australian government. A thought of the social socioeconomics shows that the pace of self destruction is higher among the individuals who are destitute, resigned and jobless contrasted with the others in the populace. Destitute people are probably going to report substance use issue and crazy disease (Slade et al., 2009). The individuals who are jobless or resigned will in general experience mental pressure. This examination shows that emotional well-being and self destruction is a significant subject with regards to Australia. Building an inquiry For what reason do a few Australians experience a high rate of psychological maladjustments and self destruction? The study of disease transmission of psychological maladjustments and self destruction shows that a few sections of the populace are more helpless than others. The paper especially tries to examine the elements that bring about this uniqueness. Writing survey An immense writing presents assorted perspectives to answer the issue under investigation in this paper. Markwick et al. (2014) did an examination to decide the determinants of wellbeing for Indigenous grown-ups in the province of Victoria in contrast with non-indigenous partners. They found a high commonness of psychological wellness ailments, for example, nervousness and discouragement. The event of psychological maladjustments in this populace was credited to psychosocial dangers, for example, monetary pressure and food uncertainty. In addition, lower financial status (SES) like being jobless and low pay was found to assume a principal job in the event of misery and uneasiness. Poor lodging moderateness has likewise been found to cause emotional wellness. One late examination sought after the theory that lodging reasonableness stress (HAS) is connected to poor psychological wellness. The creators found that presentation to HAS caused a decrease in emotional well-being scores. In t his examination, men were seen as more influenced intellectually by introduction to HAS than ladies (Bentley, Baker Mason, 2012). Kim and Knesebeck (2015) did a foundational survey to decide the wellbeing related danger of joblessness and employment weakness. In light of the different wellbeing results examined, the absence of business and occupation weakness were unequivocally connected to emotional wellness. Employment instability was additionally connected to with physical side effects. The absence of work and occupation uncertainty are related with declining wellbeing conditions and even mortality. Truth be told, a few people will in general end it all because of joblessness. Enticott et al. (2016) investigated the connection between psychological wellness and remoteness and region hardship. They found that people living in the most burdened quintiles are bound to report mental turmoil than those at all distraught quintiles. This contention is bolstered by Fone and partners, who found that pay imbalance is essentially connected to poor psychological well-being (Fone et. al., 2013). Then again, prejudice and separation are inferable from the high rate of self destruction. Indigenous individuals may feel scared because of bigotry and in the end their life. Taking everything into account, the writing survey focuses to imbalance enhanced by social factors as the significant reason for mental disarranges and self destruction. Evaluate Social brain research is the picked sociology control to study the writing. In light of the current writing, it is apparent that financial components lead to a critical number of mental issue. The event of mental issue in certain sections of the Australian populace is inferable from social mental subjects, for example, deficient psychosocial advancement, sentiment of weakness brought about by apparent absence of control and inability to get the nonmonetary advantages of work. Eriksons model of grown-up psychosocial advancement takes note of the significance of prosperous commitment inside ones work for solid maturing. The ramifications of neglecting to accomplish formative difficulties incorporate enthusiastic misery (Malone et. al., 2016). He conjectured that enthusiastic and character advancement in adulthood necessitates that people accept they are making steps to better themselves by accommodating their locale and family. Oppositely, during joblessness, low SES or uncertain emplo yment condition confidence is undermined bringing about tension and discouragement. The absence of work and employment misfortune can provoke a chain of difficulty including social and monetary strain, which can bring about despondency and self destruction. Without a doubt, self destruction hazard is firmly connected to joblessness just as absence of professional stability (Woo Postolache, 2008). At the point when an individual can't make sure about important work, they will in general feel defenselessness because of the absence of impact. In the line of this view, steady weakness can bring about wretchedness. In the writing audit, loss of business has been sketched out as one of the triggers of mental issue since it is socially and mentally dangerous. The social and mental reaction to distressing occasions, for example, loss of business advances through different stages. The underlying stage is portrayed by stun, and at this stage, the individual is as yet hopeful. In the movement of joblessness, the individual becomes skeptical and encounters dynamic pain. A raised degree of dissatisfaction, sadness, frustration and nervousness in the end prompts poor emotional wellness. Further, emotional societal position is emphatically connected with mental disarranges. Abstract economic wellbeing can be seen as far as relative hardship (McLaughlin et. al., 2012). An individual can be in an ideal situation or more regrettable contrasted with others in the network. On the off chance that an individual is more awful than others in the general public, they have high odds of encountering mental trouble, which exacerbates after some time. Another social brain research point of view is the part of the social class, which is spread by contrasts in SES level. Outstandingly, social class may affect weakness to psychological instability in a few different ways. This impact can be defended since social class decides the position held by people in institutional segments, perspectives and perspective just as way of life. The perspectives and perspective may make an individual receive practices that are hazard factors for emotional wellness, for example, substance misuse. Individual Response Comparable to the subject of study, my deduction is that there is a relationship among's SES and the danger of emotional well-being. Actually, low SES status builds the danger of psychological well-being. As an individual procures a higher SES, their danger of mental issue is incredibly brought down. The SES in my reaction is impacted by work status, employer stability, lodging moderateness and the degree of destitution. Financial pressure is the conceivable clarification for the relationship between mental scatters and SES. In a sincere belief, low-pay workers and people living in remote zones experience mental pain since they need satisfactory assets for essential living. The absence of essential prerequisites will in general reason mental nervousness in the two grown-ups and kids. Decisively, the social condition shapes the psychological well-being just as numerous normal mental issue. Social disparities are commonly connected to expanded danger of poor emotional well-being. End/Recommendations All in all, the discoveries of this paper answer the inquiry on why a few Australians experience a high rate of dysfunctional behaviors and self destruction. Financial components are significant in the event of mental issue, where those living in low SES experience high frequency of psychological instabilities. The occurrence of psychological instabilities has been investigated with regards to social brain science. The essential proposal of this paper is the requirement for the dynamic advancement of preventive and early mediation activities that especially focus on the unfavorable impacts of joblessness, work misfortune, region hardship, and occupation frailty. Thusly, the Australian government shou

From Englightenment to Romantisicm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

From Englightenment to Romantisicm - Essay Example Mozart’s oeuvre regularly centers around these subjects †he changed customary dramas by making an individual from the serving class the saint of one of his showstoppers in â€Å"Le Nozze di Figaro†, where the mainstream figure of Figaro (a hairdresser) triumphs over his social bosses in view of his higher virtues, and due to his mind. The play by Beaumarchais on which the drama lyrics was based was restricted in Vienna in the occasions not long before the French Revolution, as the substance was esteemed excessively incendiary. The drama â€Å"Don Giovanni† stays right up 'til today one of the regularly performed dramas around the world. This paper will clarify the specific interest this show despite everything holds today by exhibiting the multifaceted nature of two of the primary characters of the lyrics, Leporello, Don Giovanni’s valet, and Don Ottavio, the fiancã © of Donna Anna, one of the ladies Don Giovanni attempted to entice. As in the comic show â€Å"Le Nozze di Figaro† Mozart and Da Ponte sketch a two-level society and the characters in Don Giovanni are either individuals from the nobility or the serving class involved workers and laborers. Once more, virtues are not indistinguishable with class and rank, yet low ethics can be found in the privileged (Don Giovanni) and high ethics can be found in the worker class (Zerlina, Masetto). Leporello has all the earmarks of being his very own instance - in the principal Act we discover Leporello in the nursery claimed by the Commendatore while his lord, Don Giovanni, is endeavoring to allure Donna Anna, the Commendatore’s girl and fiancã ©e of Don Ottavio. Leporello, albeit a steadfast hireling, is disappointed with his work and with his lord. He grumbles that he is kept occupied day and night, as communicated in his aria â€Å"Notte e giorno faticar† which could be deciphered as â€Å"day and late evening only work†. The nearness to his lord and the information he has in this manner accumulated about his master’s life

Research Impact on E-commerce Analyzing the Case Downfall of eBay

Question: How the Market Has been Taken Over by the Amazon. Answer: Presentation Today the economy is a framework which rehearses present day innovation. Number of organizations has energetically moved their organizations, from conventional business to web. As web conveys new possibilities for organizations to expand their business exercises and furthermore encourages in expanding their benefits. Web isn't just applicable for the organizations yet additionally fundamental for the business forms. Online business can be viewed as an inventive financial framework that licenses to strengthen the deals and to diminish the costs(Kin, 2010). For instance, various companies have eminently controlled the zones wherein a standard business types' vanquished over the organizations just a couple of years back. This exploration proposition lays accentuation on monetary administration's effect on web based business, this examination will be finished by breaking down the case: defeat of eBay and how the market has been taken over by the Amazon. Both of the organizations are notable and bring out their business exercises through online business. In eBay, both purchasing and selling should be possible by individuals. Then again, in Amazon, items are being offered to the customers(Silverman, 2016). This proposition id did to evaluate the issues which came about as ruin of eBay and the techniques utilized by Amazon to overcome the commercial center. Significance of the examination is likewise being remembered for this proposition as by leading this exploration diverse various clients will be profited. Expected aftereffects of the exploration are likewise grasped in this proposition. Issue Statement Web based business associations can instantly form their business into multi-billion dollar industry by rehearsing the money related administration in legitimate ways(Kin, 2010). The fundamental issue for which research will be directed partners with the ill-advised money related administration which can prompted ruin of web based business association; though the best possible monetary administration can encourage an online business association to hold a spot in market(Qin, et al., 2014). To proceed with the examination, spotlight will be driven on two significant associations for example Amazon.com and E-Bay.com. E-Bay was all around perceived brand before to the foundation of Amazon. Prior, eBay had surplus assets in contrast with Amazon however inappropriate usage of the assets and some off-base techniques received by eBay, didn't resist in accomplishing development and then again, Amazon rehearsed money related administration in appropriate way which helped it to hold a superior and enormous market place(Cheffy, 2011). This issue is imperative to be thought of so web based business associations will comprehended the significant of money related administration and lay accentuation on rehearsing better approaches to deal with their budgetary assets so as to accomplish development, benefit and get ready to accomplish a spot in the market. Research Aim, Objectives and Question Research point The point of the exploration will be to survey the elements which prompted the defeat of e-Bay and the components which encouraged Amazon to accomplish commercial center. To accomplish my examination's point spotlight will be laid on the angles which would assist with distinguishing those components which help in development of an association (Amazon) just as which became purpose behind ruin of another association for example eBay(Silverman, 2016). Research Objective-Main targets of the exploration will be to evaluate a few perspectives which ought to be thought by web based business associations. Research Question-Question that emerges in the examination is connected with the issue proclamation of research proposition. As the primary issue for which research is important to be directed put an inquiry for example - How e-Bay confronted defeat and what are the reasons that made, Amazon to accomplish place in market(Flick, 2014). Defense of the Project The venture will be valuable for a few clients, all the more significantly to the online business associations. As they will get data about the variables which can help in accomplishing better commercial center and factors which can become purpose behind ruin of the organization(Maxwell, 2012). Through this activities, clients will come to think about the significance of internet business and the advantages which they can profit by doing on the web business. This venture will profit the clients the individuals who run online business, yet in addition to the individuals who have conventional business to know the significance of money related administration for making brief progress and to expand benefits. As through contemplating this venture, individuals will come to think about the significant parts of monetary administration for the achievement and development of business. This undertaking will likewise be useful for the specialists who have enthusiasm for money related management( Kauffman Tallon, 2014). Most importantly, this venture will be generally significant for the associations for example eBay and Amazon; as eBay subsequent to contemplating the report can make arrangement to improve its budgetary administration and techniques could likewise be additionally received by the organization to make improvement by rolling out certain improvements in its business procedure and distinguishing the hazard which can cause vulnerabilities for the business in future.; then again, Amazon could utilize this report to recognize the perspectives which can become purpose behind defeat of the business and afterward legitimate arranging should be possible by the organization to moderate those components which can make misfortune in the business. Potential Research Outcome Every single research is directed to accomplish something. The result of the exploration is useful to survey the appropriate response of the examination question. On the off chance that the result of the examination don't help in accomplishing the point and goals of the exploration then it is imperative to complete the examination again(Zopounidis, 2012). The normal research results of this exploration proposition are referenced beneath: It will recognize the variables which can be a reason for ruin of business associations. The elements which can encourage development in business just as to accomplish better commercial center are the normal result of this examination. Significance of web for web based business is additionally one of the normal result of the examination, as the advantages which could be accomplished by the business associations would be laid concentration in the exploration and this will came as result of the examination and will be useful for the association to comprehend significance of internet(Qin, et al., 2014). Another normal result of the exploration is, advantages of online business. Advantages of money related administration and the manners in which ought to be concentrated for the executives of assets is one of the other anticipated result of the examination. Calculated system Right now, web based business use for organizations has end up being significant not just for the relentlessness to area commercial center, yet additionally to increase the piece of the overall industry comparable to the brief advancement of data innovations just as strengthen the job of the absorbed computerization ventures and Internet. Online business should be possible by any individual in an effective way, and the business can be constrained by the utilization of web, independent of physical area. The Virtual World Wide Web gives better possibilities to building up an online business for the explanation that it has a general character. There are number of advantages related with online business and some of them are- Minimization of expenses. Least beginning speculation Capacity to work 24 hours per day. Accessibility of immense information(John Tonder, 2017). Ideal picture of the organization can be made and kept up through online business. Better open doors can be given to the customers. It is being recognize by eBay that its primary business for example closeout exercises faces loosening movement in the market. In the administrative documenting, it is revealed by the organization that, it is confronting challenge in the Germany, U.S and U.K's market, which are its 3 biggest markets for dynamic clients and development of postings. It is normal that in coming period, danger of more vulnerable client spending in these market could be confronted. Lately, the income of eBay has endured a sensational easing back of development as ruin in rates are 30% to 40%. As per (Hansell, 2009) the arrangements embraced by eBay has made it less appealing to its indistinguishable market for example dealers of collectibles and collectibles. eBay is making purchasers pay with electronic installment techniques or Mastercards, however a large number of the antique customers despite everything wish to send checks to venders through sends. One of the explanation behind fall in Web traffic of eBay is that-merchants use to invest less energy in the eBays webpage as they use to want to spread their stocks to Amazon. So as to draw consideration of clients eBay is attempting to make dependable spot for the purchasers, yet it has fallen in satisfying the requirements of purchasers. On the off chance that anybody buys something from Amazon, at that point the person in question gets ensure for that stock however eBay is as yet chipping away at the assurance terms, said by (Hansell, 2009). The site if eBay has changed from attempting to advance itself as a spot for a full scope of product to one that stressed slow time of year and utilized goods.EBays traffic has started to fall forcefully and it has dipped under in contrast with Amazon. EBay is doing battle in getting prior clients to return, notwithstanding the typical test of tempting new clients to its locales. Changes were made by eBay in its approaches and charge terms on its commercial center, however these progressions made contentions with enormous number of sellers(Hill Jones, 2012). This discussion drove the clients to move their business away from eBay's site and fall was recorded in net product volume and in a few effective postings which will in general damage in benefit and working results.Pessimistic language utilized by eBay to clarify its business possibilities repeat an emergingawareness that eBay is no longerthe single game in showcase for brokers. Ruin of eBay has encouraged Amazon to appreciate streaming development in its business if exchanging. Changes in cost by eBay has come about as revol

The Truth About White Supremacy: American History X :: essays research papers

The Truth About White Supremacy: American History X      As a Hispanic, I guess I ought to expect or, be readied, rather, for bigotry and segregation. Fortunately, I have not experienced either.. however. Our reality isn't great; things occur that we rather not think about, yet disregarding the issue appears to just exacerbate the situation. The film American History X, is a splendid endeavor to advise us about these sorts regarding malevolent obliviousness that plague our general public. The immaculate acting, imaginative cinematography, intermittent adrenaline-siphoning score, and somewhat blamed, however grant commendable content, all consolidate to make a general extraordinary film. American History X ought not be quickly excused as a prototype record of a questionable issue, it gives considerably more than what a group of people would anticipate from a film of this nature; it is an inventive show about the awful results of prejudice in a family that is shockingly yet, startlingly practical.      The dynamic that significantly adds to the proficiency of American History X, is the celebrated acting. Edward Norton immaculately plays Derek Vinyard, the principle character in American History X, who is enraged by the homicide of his dad by two African-American people who at that point, subsequently, goes to the universe of Neo-Nazism scanning for comfort toward his father’s passing and for additional avocation for the disdain he has towards the killers. In the wake of being discharged from jail for carrying out a three-year punishment of homicide after fiercely killing two dark people, Derek comes out a changed man who no longer oppresss blacks and other minority figures for attacking and heartbreakingly adjusting the life of â€Å"true† Americans. Edward Norton is more than ideal for this job. In his â€Å"Believe Me† film audit site, Jeffery Huston clarifies, â€Å"With this exhibition, Norton develops as one of the absolute best on-screen c haracters working in film today.† Norton’s execution was without a doubt jolting. One specific scene in the film that shows the remarkable ability he has, is the episode that gives us what his character was imprisoned for. After mercilessly killing two dark casualties, police rapidly show up and start to put Derek in custody. Norton sparkles as his character is being seized; as he sets his hands on his head and gradually turns, he meets eyes with his alarmed sibling, Danny, who saw everything, and triumphantly smiles as the evil articulation in his flickering eyes uncovers agitating fulfillment, at that point priggishly causes a stir as though inquiring as to whether he is intrigued.

Excessive Alcohol Drinking Risks and Concerns

Excessive Alcohol Drinking Risks and Concerns Addiction Alcohol Use Print What Is At-Risk Alcohol Drinking? Heavy Drinking or Binge Drinking By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 23, 2019 How Much Alcohol Is Risky?. © PhotoXpress.com More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery How do you know if you are drinking too much or too often? What does it mean if you drank a bottle of wine last night? The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has conducted research to see who is most at risk of abusing alcohol. What Are the Recommended Levels? According to the NIAAA, guidelines for heavy or at-risk drinking are as follows:Five or more drinks for men: Five or more drinks during any one drinking session, or more than 14 drinks a week, is considered risky.Four or more drinks for women: Four drinks or more during a day, or more than seven drinks a week, is considered heavy drinking for women. If you drink less than the above-recommended amounts, your level of drinking is considered in the low-risk category. According to a major national survey conducted by the NIAAA, only 2% of people who drink at those levels are at risk for developing alcohol abuse disorders or alcoholism. You may be thinking, No one drinks that small amount of alcohol. Anyone who drinks alcohol drinks more than that. But, its not true that everyone drinks a lot. According to the NIAAA survey: Less than 30% of people drink at at-risk levels37% always drink at low-risk levels35% do not drink at all.28% of people drink at heavy or at-risk levels How Much Alcohol Is Too Much? The Risks If you exceed the guidelines, your risk of developing alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence increases significantly. Generally, about 25% of people who drink at higher than the recommended guidelines will develop alcohol problems. If you drink heavily only one day a month, your chances of having an alcohol use disorder are about 20%.If you exceed the guidelines once a week, the chances jump to 33%.If you drink heavily twice a week, the chances of developing a problem are 50%â€"one in every two people. Drinking too much not only puts you at risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, but it also increases the risk of harm in other areas of your life. Injuries Drinking more than the recommended guidelines can put you at risk of being injured or killed. For example, alcohol is a factor in 60% of all fatal burn injuries, drownings, and homicides. Alcohol plays a role in 50% of all severe trauma injuries and sexual assaults as well as being a factor in 40% of all fatal motor vehicle crashes, fatal falls, and suicides. Health Problems The number of health problems that excessive alcohol consumption can cause is long and varied. Heavy drinking can increase the risk of the following Several types of cancerLiver diseaseHeart diseaseStrokeDepressionSleep disordersSexually transmitted diseases (from unsafe sex) Drinking too much can also make managing other health problems and conditions more difficult, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and others. Birth Defects Drinking during pregnancy can cause a wide range of brain damage and other birth defects for newborns. It is unknown if any amount of alcohol during pregnancy is safe for the unborn baby, therefore it is recommended that pregnant women avoid alcohol. Facts You Need to Know About Alcohol Could You Have a Problem? If you go out with friends or co-workers during the week and drink five or more drinks (four for women) and you also drink heavily one night during the weekend, there is a 50-50 chance that you will develop an alcohol use disorder, if you dont have one already. If this pattern sounds familiar, its a good idea to try to cut down your alcohol consumption or try to quit. You might also want to take this quiz to see if your drinking level might already fall into the definitions of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence. The Difference Between Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

The Giver-Themes - Free Essay Example

THEMES ANALYSIS of THE GIVER The Importance of Memory This story developed from the author’s understanding of the importance of memory, an understanding which came from her observation of someone who no longer had their memory. When one has no memory they cannot remember painful episodes in their life. Some people with memories of horrors, losing those memories can seem to be a blessing. But, if they also cannot recall the emotions associated with their good relationships with others, it is a mixed blessing. The author appears to believe that having all memories, good and bad, is better than having no memories. This book presents a convincing argument for the importance of memory. Memory is important for preventing repetition of mistakes. That is where the Receivers give their community valuable help. Without the Receivers, the community would have wanted to increase the population. But, because the Giver/Receiver had memories of famine and hunger, they avoided suffering th rough famine and hunger again. Jonas learns to love through memories. Those in the community who do not have memories are unable to experience love. This has enormous importance. The Importance of the Individual What Jonas accomplishes shows what an individual can do. He manages to not only change his life and the lives of Gabriel and the Giver, but also the lives of everyone in the community by making it possible for the memories to go to the community. Before the Ceremony of Twelve, Jonas was one of a group of Elevens who were all living according to the rules of the community. | Your browser does not support the IFRAME tag. | After the Ceremony of Twelve, when he became the new Receiver, and after he began receiving the memories, he developed into an individual with a life separate from that of the community. At that point, he was able to make a difference in the life of everyone in the community. Soon, now that they are receiving memories, they will also be able to act as individuals and make even more changes for the improvement of the community. The Value of Freedom to Make Choices Sometimes we make the wrong choice, but, even so, the freedom to make choices outweighs any good that would come from losing our ability to make choices. Jonas, who has gone through his entire childhood without making a choice, begins to make choices after he starts receiving memories from the Giver. He learns what he has been missing. He knows that the freedom to make choices is the key to getting the most out of life. The choice that he makes to leave the community helps the community as well as himself, Gabriel and the Giver. Jonas’s choice to leave the community seems to have extra value because it will enable the community itself to begin making choices. The Relationship between Pain and Pleasure A memory of pain gives meaning to pleasure. In the community, life is monotonous because pleasurable things do not have the value that a memory of pain would give them. Pain is not felt as fully as it would be if the person experiencing it had knowledge of pleasure. In the community, due to lack of memories of pain and pleasure, feelings are muted. As Jonas receives the memories, he is better able to experience pain and pleasure. This gives his life added richness. He wants to share this richness with his community, especially with his friends and family. The Value of a Multi-generational Family The family in which Jonas grew up was only a temporary grouping of parents and children. When Jonas and then Lily grow up, it is expected that Father and Mother will live with the Childless Adults until they go to the House of the Old. Jonas and Lily will no longer be in contact with them. As Jonas receives memories, he is exposed to memories of households that include grandparents, households filled with love shared by three generations. He is very impressed by the love that he finds in such households. He desires to live like that. The Import ance of Making Connections Memories are important. Sharing them is also important. Connecting with people with whom we can share memories enriches our lives. The feeling of being connected to the past that comes from memories of the past is also enriching. Having connections makes pleasurable memories more pleasurable and painful memories less painful. As Jonas gains memories, he has an increasing need to connect with his family and friends, a need that they cannot meet because they have no memories. He proceeds to solve the problem in a way. Because of Jonas’s departure from the community and his journey toward Elsewhere, the community recaptures the memories. We can assume that soon, with the help and support of the Giver, they will be able to love and make connections. However, Jonas is not planning to return to the community. The Value of Diversity The community in which Jonas lives has, many generations before Jonas, moved to what they call Sameness. Those who set up the new way believed that Sameness solved many problems. By getting rid of diversity, life is simpler, but it also lacks the richness that diversity gives. Without diversity it was easier to gain control of what was left. As Jonas receives memories, he learns that it was a bad trade-off. The Importance of Honesty We learn, with Jonas, the importance of honesty. When Jonas finds out that he can lie, he realizes that other Twelves may have also been given that permission. He can no longer feel sure about anything that is or has been told to him. Anything he has been told is now open to question. The situation worsens when Jonas discovers that his father lied to him about releasing a newchild. Jonas does accept the Giver’s statement that, although he has permission, he does not lie to him.

The Bengal Region

Bengal is a region in the northeastern Indian Subcontinent, defined by the river delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. This rich agricultural land has long supported one of the densest human populations on Earth, despite the danger from floods and cyclones. Today, Bengal is divided between the nation of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. In the larger context of Asian history, Bengal played a key role in ancient trade routes as well as during the Mongol invasion, British-Russian conflicts, and the spread of Islam to Eastern Asia. Even the distinct language, called Bengali or Bangla — which is an eastern Indo-European language and a linguistic cousin of Sanskrit — spread throughout much of the Middle East, with about 205 million native speakers. Early History The derivation of the word Bengal or  Bangla  is unclear, but it appears to be quite ancient. The most convincing theory is that it comes from the name of the Bang  tribe, Dravidic-speakers who settled the river delta sometime around 1000 B.C. As part of the Magadha region, the early Bengal population shared a passion for arts, sciences, and literature and are credited with the invention of chess as well as the theory that the Earth orbits the Sun. During this time, the main religious influence came from Hinduism and ultimately shaped early politics through the fall of the Magadha era, around 322 B.C. Until the Islamic conquest of 1204 — which placed Bengal under control of the Delhi Sultanate — Hindu remained the regions main religion and through trade with Arab Muslims introduced Islam far earlier to their culture, this new Islamic controlled to the spread of Sufism in Bengal, a practice of mystic Islam which still dominates the regions culture to this day. Independence and Colonialism By 1352, though, the city-states in the region managed to unify again as one nation, Bengal, under its ruler Ilyas Shah. Alongside the Mughal  Empire, the newly founded Bengal Empire served as the subcontinents strongest economic, cultural and trade powers — its sea ports meccas of commerce and exchanges of traditions, art, and literature. In the 16th century, European traders began to arrive at Bengals port cities, bringing with them western religion and customs as well as new goods and services. However, by 1800 the British East India Company controlled the most military power in the region and Bengal fell back to colonial control. Around 1757 to 1765, the central government and military leadership in the region fell to BEIC control. Constant rebellion and political unrest shaped the course of the next 200 years, but Bengal remained — for the most part — under foreign rule until India gained independence in 1947, taking with it West Bengal — which was formed along religious lines and left Bangladesh its own country as well. Current Culture and Economy The modern-day geographic region of Bengal — which encompasses West Bengal in India and Bangladesh —  is primarily an agricultural region, producing such staples as rice, legumes, and high-quality tea. It also exports jute. In Bangladesh, manufacturing is becoming increasingly important to the economy, particularly the garment industry, as are remittances sent home by overseas workers. The Bengali people are divided by religion. Around 70 percent are Muslim due to Islam first being introduced in the 12th century by  Sufi  mystics, who took control of much of the region, at least in terms of shaping government policy and national religion; the remaining 30 percent of the population is mostly  Hindu.

Paradise Of The Blind, By Duong Thu - 1448 Words

In the story of life, time is a ravenous beast, destroying and building regardless and apathetic to whom it affects. An inescapable thing that never dies, but plagues people with its shapes of past, present, and future. In Paradise of the Blind by Duong Thu Huong, Duong doesn’t hold back when exposing the ugly face of the past. Hang, the protagonist, faces poverty, a broken family, and the loss of love from an early age, which force her mature quickly and harshly. Her exposure to such extreme, difficult circumstances and her subsequent adaptation result in her loss of innocence, instilling a bitterness in Hang that taints her. This bitterness - more of a mourning for her own childhood - exposes itself through Hang’s reflections on the†¦show more content†¦Duong’s decision to describe the snowflakes as â€Å"strange flowers† exposes Hang’s attachment to the landscape of her own home, and also the strangeness of this new landscape for her. The word choice of flowers and their connotation of spring provide contrast to the harsh winter. Hang’s simile comparing the snowflakes to a â€Å"luminous† childhood dream juxtaposes the description of them as â€Å"blinding shards† and â€Å"frail†, thus revealing Hang’s opinion of dreams as something rarely obtained. Surely as a child she imagined the best that might have happened, and had such optimistic hopes of what might have been. They are thus associated with sorrow by the simile, reflective of the cruel reality she faced when her dreams were suffocated as a child. The snowy landscape also triggers a more consuming flashback to a time in Hang’s childhood. Duong provides vivid imagery of the beautiful landscape of the bay - â€Å"Clouds floated like puff jade along the horizon, a line broken jagged by solitary rocks.. This endless jade-colored necklace fallen to the earth.† (Duong ) The metaphor comparing the clouds to a jade -colored necklace further emphasizes the landscape’s beauty and richness. The idea of a jade necklace, a material wealthy good, introduces the idea that the natural landscape is a gift, accessible by all. Duong emphasizes this with the subsequent sentiment that â€Å"beauty knows no frontiers, seduces without discrimination† (Duong 83). HangShow MoreRelatedParadise of the Blind Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesWork in Translation Paradise of the Blind by Duong Thu Huong Final Draft Name: Chung Yee, Lee Candidate number: 003072-225 Year 11 QASMT Teacher: Ms Jennifer Russel Word Count: 1477 Work in Translation Paradise of the Blind by Duong Thu Huong In the novel, Paradise of the Blind, written by Duong Thu Huong originally in Vietnamese and translated into English by Phan Huy Duong and Nina Mcpherson, the author constructs characters Aunt Tam and Uncle Chinh as analogs of conflictingRead MoreHow Does Corruption Affect The Families And The Two Young Female Protagonists Portrayed1257 Words   |  6 PagesHow does corruption affect the families and the two young female protagonists portrayed in Americanah (Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie) and Paradise of the Blind (DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Thu HÆ °Ã† ¡ng)? 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Duong Thu Huong worked for the CommunistRead MoreHow Communism Affects Social Classes in Paradise of the Blind and House of the Spirits1589 Words   |  7 PagesHow Communism Affects Social Classes in Paradise of the Blind and House of the Spirits Word Count: 1500 Communism is the idea of a classless society; a society in which there are no distinctions between social classes and where all government systems are abolished. A communist society normally aims to allow individuals to obtain a common political status. Communism, in general, disagrees with old traditions of social classes (What is Communism?). When communism develops in a society, socialRead MoreParadise Of The Blind Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pages The significance of children in Duong Thu Huong’s Paradise of the Blind IB English Literature – WIT Assignment Reflective Statement Word Count: 370 Works in Translation Essay Word Count: 1404 Reflective Statement: â€Å"How was your understanding of cultural and contextual considerations of the work developed through the interactive oral?† Upon listening to the interactive orals, there is a distinct difference in the ideas presented by the author in the work, which does not apply with situationsRead MoreParadise Of The Blind Reflective Statement1819 Words   |  8 PagesReflective Statement: Upon first reading Duong Thu Hong s novel Paradise of the Blind, I was quite unaware about Vietnam after the Vietnam war and some of the paramount hardships with which people were faced with. 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The table belows will show many typical examples of Kinh Do’s competitors. Type of product Competitors Snacks Pepsi (Poca), Bibica, Hai Ha, Trang An, Quang Ngai (Tin Tin) Crackers Hai Ha (Paradise, Sesame Cracker, Bissavit) Mooncake Huu Nghi, Thu Huong, Maison Des Gateaux,†¦ Cookies Hai Ha (Strawberry cookies, Coconut cookies), Quang Ngai. Sweets Quang Ngai, Perfetty (Alpenliebe, Mentos), Hai Ha, URC (Dynamite) Layer cake Bibica (Hura) In general, although Kinh Do

The Hospitality Industry Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1552 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Review Topics: Communication Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION This paper presents a review of the literature relevant to the topic of intercultural communication in the hospitality industry. It begins with an examination of Brown and Levinsons politeness theory, followed by a critique of Hofstedes five cultural dimensions and Edward Hall and others theories of cultural awareness, concluding with a synthesis of the research on intercultural communication by leading commentators in this field. This analysis thus provides insight into the issues influencing the perception of politeness between the Spanish and English cultures in the hotel workplace. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Politeness theory In their 1978 and 1987 works on the theory of politeness, Brown and Levinson put forward a rational model of politeness, arguing that individuals across all cultures want to be approved of by others and free from unnecessary constraints, or positive and negative face, respectively (Greene, 1997). In response to their argument that politeness is a universal part of language, Watts (2003) contends that this theory is overly idealistic because it ignores the means by which individuals in society struggle with politeness in their interactions with others. He holds that these features of social interaction are more important than the role of politeness in intercultural communication. Using a practical example of politeness theory, ODowd (2003) conducted primary research examining the interaction of Spanish and English cultures in business situations and found that if participants perceived another person as being interested in descriptions of their own culture, they subsequent ly felt encouraged to communicate more but, if they felt their positive face was threatened by the other person showing a lack of interest in their cultural background, they were more reluctant. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Hospitality Industry Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order 2. Hofstedes five dimensions Geert Hofstede describes culture as the collective characteristics of members of one group of people (Hofstede, 2001; Hofstede et al, 2010). His theories search for meaning in the correlation between a countrys cultural indicators and his five dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity and long-term orientation (Vinken et al, 2004). In his most recent work, Hofstede adds a new sixth dimension of culture called indulgence versus restraint and introduces the concept of a moral circle to the debate (Hofstede et al, 2010). In a 1998 article, Hofstede builds on his earlier seminal works (1980; 1991) and further specifies that the main criteria for comparison are values and attitudes, also known as constructs. He acknowledges that there has been much criticism of his methodology of using nations as the units for studying and comparing culture, but nevertheless contents that many nations contain a sufficient amount of comparable aspects. Hof stede suggests that cross-cultural misunderstanding is often based on the dimension of value variation between cultures, with the Spanish having a more group-orientated culture than the English. When an activity is planned by Spanish people, it is much more common to invite a large group than just one or two others, demonstrating collectivism over individualism. In addition, Hofstede suggests that the English not only have a high level of individualism, they exhibit above average masculinity and lower power distance and uncertainty avoidance than the Spanish. 3. Cultural awareness While Hofstedes work provides a useful framework, there is large body of research that explores in more detail the definitions and role of culture and cultural awareness, and it is valuable in the analysis of these cultures in relation to the hospitality industry. Holliday et al (2004:3) describe culture as being a fluid, creative social force which binds different groupings and aspects of behaviour in different ways, and cultural awareness requires a fundamental understanding of this fluidity and how it impacts on various social interactions, particularly intercultural ones. The attitudes and perceptions associated with different national cultures exerts a strong influence on many business situations, including that of English receptionists interacting with Spanish customers, and the studies of cultural awareness by Edward T. Hall illustrate this point further. He describes culture as a hidden force and goes as far as to suggest that culture is synonymous with communicatio n. When an English receptionist communicates with a Spanish customer, it is inevitable that each party will apply their own cultural framework not only in the way they communicate with each other, but in how they perceive the interaction. Other experts reinforce the notion that there are significant barriers to be overcome in terms of intercultural business issues (Larsson and Risberg, 1998). Bennett (1993) for one contends that it is important to be able to distance oneself from ones own cultural backgrounds in order to understand others, and Byram (1997) goes on to suggest that sensitivity to issues such as directness and politeness in language is an essential component of intercultural awareness. These theories can all be applied to help English receptionists and Spanish customers to have greater levels of cultural awareness and sensitivity, thus enhancing the business relationship. 4. Intercultural communication Building on the analysis in the previous sections, Charles (2007) points to the fact that English has become the accepted lingua franca of international business, and this is referred to by others as the built-in bias of the English language (Munshie and McKie, 2001). The hospitality industry is a prime example of this, and it has become accepted practice for customer-facing hotel staff to be able to speak English to come extent, regardless of the country in which the hotel is located. It is much less likely for an English receptionist to speak Spanish, for example. One expert has pointed out that frequently non-verbal communication can be misinterpreted. For example, she says: Normally a handshake is brief but in Spain it may be prolonged for several seconds. This does not show deep personal warmth as it might somewhere else McLaren, 1998:137). And as Welch et al (2005:11) point out, intercultural communication can actually be an irritating reminder of what may be involved in crossing foreign cultures, and managing in a cross-cultural environment. Based on extensive primary research, Charles (2007) recommends that businesses should increase their awareness of the importance of cultural diversity in communication and develop a better understanding of how individuals relate to each other across language and cultural barriers. Another commentator (Verluyten, 1997) has provided evidence of the importance of intercultural training and awareness in this process, the lack of which can lead to disastrous results. CONCLUSIONS This paper has presented a summary of the relevant literature and provided some interesting insights into the role of intercultural communication in the hospitality industry, especially between Spanish and English cultures. For one, an analysis of Hofstede and Brown and Levinson contributes to a better understanding the issues underpinning the differences between these two cultures and the various influences on peoples behaviour, such as politeness and individualism versus collectivism. In particular, the work by Hall and others demonstrates that learning a second language, not just English as is normally the case, is important in todays working environment within the hospitality industry. A lack of cultural awareness especially can lead to barriers of miscommunication. For example, Spanish customers could potentially be seen as rude or overly direct by English receptionists who do not understand the cultural differences. The receptionists therefore often apply their own c ultural background to the interaction and, as a result, expect a sometimes unreasonably high level of politeness. Communication can be significantly improved by efforts to raise intercultural awareness and sensitivity within the hospitality industry. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bennett, M., 1993. Towards ethnorelativism: A development model of intercultural sensitivity. In M. Paige, ed., Education for the Intercultural Experience, pp.21-71. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press. Brown P. and Levinson S., 1978. Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In E. Goody, ed., Questions and Politeness, pp.56-311. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brown P. and Levinson S., 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Byram, M., 1997. Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Charles, M., 2007. Language Matters in Global Communication. The Journal of Business Communication, 44(3). p.260. Greene, J.O., ed., 1997. Message Production: Advances in Communication Theory. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hall, E.T., 1959. The Silent Language. New York: Doubleday. Hofstede, G., 1980. Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-R elated Values. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Hofstede, G., 1991. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hofstede, G., 1998. A Case for Comparing Apples with Oranges: International Differences in Values. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 39(1). pp.16-31. Hofstede, G., 2001. Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J. and Minkov, M., 2010. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Holliday, A., Hyde, M. and Kullman, J., 2004. Intercultural Communication: An Advanced Resource Book. London: Routledge. Larsson, R. and Risberg, A., 1998. Cultural awareness and national versus corporate barriers to acculturation. In M. Gertsen, A-M. Soderberg, and J. E. Torp, eds., Cultural dimensions of international acquisitions, pp.168-196. Berlin: Walther de Gruyter. McLaren, M.C., 1998. Interpreting Cultural Differences: the Challenge of Intercultural Communication. Dereham: Peter Francis Publishers. Munshie, D. and McKie, D., 2001. Toward a New Cartography of Intercultural Communication: Mapping Bias, Business, and Diversity. Business Communication Quarterly, 64(3). p.9. ODowd, R., 2003. Understanding the Other Side: Intercultural Learning in a Spanish-English E-Mail Exchange. Language, Learning Technology, 7(2). p.118. Thomas, D.C. and Inkson, K., 2003. Cultural Intelligence: People skills for global business. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Verluyten, S.P., 1997. Business Communication and Intercultural Communication in Europe: The State of the Art. Business Communication Quarterly, 60(2). p.135. Vinken, H., Soeters, J. and Ester, P., eds., 2004. Comparing Cultures: Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective. Boston: Brill. Watts, R.J., 2003. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Business Forecasting regarding Seasonally Adjusted Sales Statistics Project

Essays on Business Forecasting regarding Seasonally Adjusted Sales Statistics Project The paper â€Å"Business Forecasting regarding Seasonally Adjusted Sales" is a  worthy example of a statistics project on finance accounting. Exponential smoothing is a moving average technique used in the analysis of time-series data as well in forecasting. We chose the best exponential models where recent collect data have more weight in making a prediction as compared to the older observation, we consider several factors like in this case where we have to consider whether the data is significantly influenced by a seasonal factor as well as trend. Secondly, we have to consider whether the data has a linear trend and lastly whether the time series problem is stationary.In this case, the most suitable is the triple exponential smoothing (winters) due to the reason that sales are seasonal and also the sales in which the trend is being investigated are not stationary. In addition, to this in order to ascertain the smoothing contract, we will use the mean of the squared deviation of the forecasted values and the actual sales. In this case, we will calculate the mean of the squared sum of errors  (Jensen Bard, 2003).In using the winter s method the following Alpha =0.3, Beta = 0.7 was used. These coefficients were obtained through the trial and error method with a minimum error of 0.04 and a maximum error of 1.95.Forecasted sales for the period of jan2011 to December 2011,d) ReportIn order to ensure stability in the earnings of the firm, the management has a tendency of predicting the sales by use of times data available and this data is used in forecasting the future situation in the firm. In a motive to ensure that the sales of the organizations are maximized the firm decided to carry exponential smoothing of the sales forecasted bay applying the various methods like Double exponential (Browns), Double exponential ( Holts), single exponential smoothing, ARIMA model and the triple exponential smoothing.  After careful analysis and consideration, the manag ement decided to use the triple exponential method by winter. This was due to the reason the time series data concerned was seasonal in nature that sales vary with seasons. This method has a high level of accuracy, whereby it has to mean standard deviation is about 22.22 this showcase that this method is significantly feasible.From the above discussion, an MSD 22.22 shows that the level of risk is minimum thus there method is sufficient in the prediction process. The winter’s method will predict sales of the twelve months with an accuracy of 88%, but through the prediction, the management is likely to face the following problems; validation of alpha value, the value was obtained from trial and error method this method is not significantly valid. Second, the prediction values are based on historical data which might not reflect the present situation in the market.The forecast data will help in planning since the sales forecast will be used to calculate the market share that th e company will control, thus if the company wishes to increase its market share the management will undertake an action that will lead to widening the market that firm sells its product. The forecasted sales will also help in determining the profitability of the firm in the future.Although there were variations between the actual sales and predicted then these have been caused by normal sampling errors, random influences, and situations where future sales turn out to be radically different from the past.   Although this method is faced by the trail method in establishing the alpha and it also very complicated analysts expect the answers to be statistically feasible.In conclusion, there is a need for forecasting to be used as a tool in planning since it gives a representation of future earnings of the firm thus it can be of help in plan formulation since it provides information that is almost true.

Externalities, Pollution and Global Warming Free Essays

Topic 4: Externalities, Pollution and Global Warming ECON 1210B Economics and Society 1 Introduction Recall: Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity In the absence of market failures, the market outcome is efficient, maximizes total surplus One major type of market failure: externalities Externality: the uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander 2 Externalities and Efficiency In the presence of externality, market equilibrium is no longer efficient Individual’s estimates of resources value (or cost) are not correct (from the society’s point of view) Traditional belief: Government to step in to ensure efficient resource allocation And to protect the interest of bystanders as well 3 Negative Externality Negative Externality: the effect on bystanders is adverse Example: the neighbor’s barking dog talking on cell phone while driving makes the roads less safe for others health risk to others from second-hand smoke noise pollution from construction projects 4 Pollution: A Negative Externality Firms burn huge quantities of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil) that cause acid rain and global warming Firms dump toxic waste into rivers, lakes, and oceans These environmental issues are simultaneously everybody’s problem and nobody’s problem 5 Pollution: A Negative Externality Example of negative externality: Air pollution from factory Firm does not bear the full cost of its production, so will produce more than the socially efficient quantity How govt may improve the market outcome: Impose a corrective tax on the firm equal to the external cost of the pollution it generates 6 Recap of Welfare Economics P $5 4 3 $2. 50 2 1 0 The market for gasoline The market eqm maximizes consumer + producer surplus. Supply curve shows private cost, the costs directly incurred by sellers Demand curve shows private value, the value to buyers (the prices they are willing to pay) 0 10 20 25 30 Q (gallons) 7 Analysis of a Negative Externality Key: distinguish private and social costs Private costs and social costs diverge in the presence of externality Producer concerns private cost, which neglect the external cost (pollution cost) Social cost represents the resource cost to a society social cost = private cost + external cost 8 Analysis of a Negative Externality P $5 4 3 2 1 0 The market for gasoline Social cost =private+ external cost external cost 0 External cost = value of the negative impact on bystanders = $1 per gallon (value of harm Supply (private cost) from smog, greenhouse gases) 10 20 30 Q (gallons) 9 Analysis of a Negative Externality P $5 4 3 2 D 1 0 The market for gasoline Social cost S The socially The socially optimal quantity optimal quantity is 20 gallons. We will write a custom essay sample on Externalities, Pollution and Global Warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now is 20 gallons. At any Q 20, At any Q 20, value of additional gas value of additional gas exceeds social cost exceeds social cost At any Q 20, At any Q 20, social cost of the social cost of the last gallon is last gallon is greater than its value greater than its value 10 0 10 20 25 30 Q (gallons) Analysis of a Negative Externality P $5 4 3 2 D 1 0 The market for gasoline Mkt eqm (Q = 25) Social cost is greater than social optimum S (Q = 20) overproduction resulted in DWL (red triangle) One solution: impose a corrective tax of $1/gallon on sellers, shift supply curve up $1 11 0 10 20 25 30 Q (gallons) Internalizing the Externality Internalizing the externality: altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions previous example: $1/gallon tax on sellers makes sellers’ costs equal to social costs When market participants must pay social costs, the market eqm matches the social optimum. Imposing the tax on buyers would achieve the same outcome: market Q will equal optimal Q 12 Summary For Pollution: A Negative Externality With negative externality, QMarket QSocial Optium firms over-produce (DWL exist) Remedy: The government can internalize the externality by imposing corrective tax Price tax S’ S Q = Qmarket = initial eqm Q’ = QSocial Optium = eqm after tax D Q’ Q Quantity 13 Externality in Consumption Consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline (private driving) all create negative externality to the society Got impose a heavy corrective tax on these goods to alter the incentives of customers, in order to mitigate of negative externality 14 Corrective Tax Rate (Levy / Charges) in HK Alcohol: 100% tax rate for alcohol with strength of more than 30% by volume Cigarettes: $1. 7 / each cigarette, tax for a pack of 20-stick cigarettes = $34 70% of the selling price of $50 / pack Leaded petrol: $6. 823/ litre, unleaded petrol: $6. 6/ litre About 40% of the selling price of each litre of gasoline 15 Example: Gasoline Tax Targets 3 Negative Externalities Congestion: the more you drive, the more you contribute to congestion Accidents: larger vehicles cause more damage in an accident Pollution: burning fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases 16 Case Study: Environmental Levy on Plastic Shopping Bags in HK Survey indicates that some 8 billion (8,000,000,000) plastic shopping bags are disposed of at landfills every year in HK This translates into more than 3 plastic shopping bags per person per day, which apparently go beyond our needs 7 Case Study: Environmental Levy on Plastic Shopping Bags in HK Address the problem of abuse, gov introduced an levy of $0. 5 HKD on each plastic shopping bag at the retail level Estimated negative externality of each plastic bag = ? 18 Positive Externality Positive Externality: the effect on bystanders is beneficial Example: When you get a flu vaccination, everyone you come into contact with benefits Research and Development (RD) creates knowledge others can use Renovating your house increases neighboring property values Restores of historical building 19 Positive Externalities from Education A more educated population benefits society: lower crime rates: educated people have more opportunities, so less likely to rob and steal better government: educated people make better-informed voters People do not consider these external benefits when deciding how much education to â€Å"purchase† 20 Positive Externalities from Education Result: market eqm Q of education too low How govt may improve the market outcome: subsidize cost of education In the presence of a positive externality, the social value of a good includes private value: the direct value to buyers external benefit: the value of the positive impact on bystanders 21 Analysis of a positive externality P The market for flu shots $50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 S D External benefit = $10/shot Draw the social value curve. Find the socially optimal Q. What policy would internalize this externality? Q 22 Analysis of a positive externality P The market for flu shots $50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 25 30 external benefit S Mkt eqm Q = 20 Social optimal Q = 25 underproduction resulted in DWL (red triangle) Social value = private value + external benefit D To internalize the externality, use Q subsidy = $10/shot. 23 Case Study: Innovation and Technology Policy in HK Should government subsidize high tech companies? Pros: Spillover effects International competitiveness Cons: Potential misallocation of public resource Potential problems of unfairness corruption 24 Case Study: Innovation and Technology Policy in HK Eg: Cyberport IT project? 25 Summary: Corrective Tax and Subsidy to Deal With Externalities If negative externality market produces a larger quantity than is socially desirable If positive externality market produces a smaller quantity than is socially desirable 6 Summary: Corrective Tax and Subsidy to Deal With Externalities remedy the problem: â€Å"internalize the externality† tax goods with negative externalities ideal corrective tax = external cost subsidize goods with positive externalities ideal corrective subsidy = external benefit 27 Private Solutions to Externalities? Government intervention is always controversial Major concerns of government intervention include fairne ss and efficiency The market does develop some possible solutions to externality over time 28 Private Solutions to Externalities? Social norms / moral codes Eg: littering Mergers Eg: MTR as a property developer Contracts between market participants and the affected bystanders However: If an externality affects many people, contract negotiation is virtually impossible 29 Public Policies Toward Negative Externalities Market-based policies provide incentives so that private decisionmakers will choose to solve the problem on their own Corrective Tax Tradable Pollution Permits 30 Public Policies Toward Negative Externalities Command-and-control policies: Regulation regulate behavior directly. Examples: limits on quantity of pollution emitted requirements that firms adopt a particular technology to reduce emissions 31 Policy Option: Example â€Å"Ace Electric† and â€Å"Billy Power† both are running coal-burning power plants Each emits 40 tons of sulfur dioxide per month SO2 causes acid rain other health issues Policy goal: reducing SO2 emissions 25% to 60 tons/month 32 Policy Option: Regulation Vs Corrective Tax Policy options 1. regulation: require each plant to cut emissions by 25% 2. corrective tax: make each plant pay a tax on each ton of SO2 emissions. Set tax at level that achieves goal. 33 Policy Option: Regulation Vs Corrective Tax Under Policy option 1, regulation, firms have no incentive to reduce emissions beyond the 25% target Suppose cost of reducing emissions is lower for â€Å"Ace Electric† than for â€Å"Billy Power† Socially efficient outcome: â€Å"Ace Electric† reduces emissions more than â€Å"Billy Power† 34 Policy Option: Regulation Vs Corrective Tax Corrective tax is a price on the right to pollute Under policy option 2, tax on emissions gives firms incentive to continue reducing emissions as long as cost of doing so is less than the tax If a cleaner technology available, tax gives firms incentive to adopt it Tax payment is money! So, corrective taxes enhance efficiency by aligning private with social incentives 35 Policy Option: Tradable Pollution Permits Recall: â€Å"Ace Electric† and â€Å"Billy Power† each emit 40 tons SO2, total of 80 tons. Goal: reduce 25% emissions to 60 tons/month Policy option 3: Tradable Pollution Permits issue 60 permits, each allows its holder to emit one ton of SO2 give 30 permits to each firm establish market for trading permits 36 Policy Option: Tradable Pollution Permits Each firm can choose among these options: emit 30 tons of SO2, using all its permits emit 30 tons, sell unused permits buy additional permits so it can emit 30 tons 37 Policy Option: Tradable Pollution Permits A system of tradable pollution permits achieves goal at lower cost than regulation Firms with low cost of reducing pollution (Ace Electric) sell whatever permits they can Firms with high cost of reducing pollution (Billy Power) buy permits Result: incentive to reduce pollution: permit = money 38 Tradable Pollution Permits in the Real World Emission of greenhouse gases causes the global warming The primary greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is the emission of carbon dioxide Carbon emissions trading is a form of emissions trading that specifically targets carbon dioxide 39 Tradable Pollution Permits in the Real World Carbon emissions permits traded in Europe since January 1, 2005 Recall: permit = money Firms will have strong incentive to reduce carbon emissions 40 How to cite Externalities, Pollution and Global Warming, Papers

The Practices I Conquer free essay sample

The practices I conquer that very day relinquish any fears I had achieving my goals. I gaze into the sky that lay before me as I walked towards the door. My heart pounded dangerously the door opened with sweat running down my face and the cashier stared at me as if I was crazy. She did not know this was war between the mountain and me. I paid the cashier and got my harness and shoes. I made my way through the marshmallow like surface sticky and impossible to walk through. I maneuver towards the big mountain I reach for the hook than locked myself in. The first step reminded me walking into the parking lot of the college right than I knew that where my journey had begun. It was like yesterday my aunt , mom and I made my way through the gargantuan parking lot To the admission building my hands became sweaty as I waited for the tour guide to direct us towards the other applicants . We will write a custom essay sample on The Practices I Conquer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I took my first step up the mountain the hard rock sticking out the mountain reminded me of the Horace Mann building. It made me realize my passion for helping other I can give great wisdom and inspire a devoted student. I can only hope to be a part of this school so I can fulfill my dream of becoming a counselor. As I continue to climb up the mountain toward a school with great academic achievement a school where I feel I belong. Going to this school encourage me to exceed. Therefore I will be able to give inspiration to other like the time I inspired my friend to chase her dreams . I took step after step up the mountain and the Finish line was near the anticipation grew as I took my last step I made my way to the top. A victory i achieve through my endurance and humility something I had learn from my practice of Tae Kwon Do to never give up and to prevail . There for I hope I’ll will make my way back to the parking lot as a freshmen.

E-Commerce security free essay sample

Chinas drone development program. The government and military are striving to put China at the forefront of drone manufacturing, for their own use and for export, and have made an all-out push to gather domestic and international technology to support the rogram. (NY Times, 09/20/2013, Edward Wong) The example mentioned above is one of the simplest attacks on US industrial data. There were major attacks like: breaching the Pentagon data and obtaining important information about US military secrets. The US government established departments called cyber-police; their main job is to fight against cyber-crimes. For example, these people can be from police department or governments secret service agencies. Cyber police catch hackers, people who steal identity on the internet, child predators and many more. Also, law nforcement agencies work with giant computer manufacturing companies to fght against cybercrime. For instance, Microsoft employees, accompanied by United States marshals, raided two nondescript office buildings in Pennsylvania and Illinois on Friday, aiming to disrupt one of the most pernicious forms of online crime today † botnets, or groups of computers that help harvest bank account passwords and other personal information from millions of other computers. We will write a custom essay sample on E-Commerce security or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (The Times Nick Wingfield and Nicole Perlroth, 03/26/12. ) Cyber policing is not only in the US but also all over he world where the internet is available. For example, The Metropolitan Police Cyber Crime Unit has arrested three men over their involvement in a El . 3m cyber raid on a Barclays bank branch in London. The Met confirmed charging 38-year-old Adam Jefferson, 24-year-old Duane Jean-Jaque and 25-year-old Lanre Mullins-Abudu for conspiracy to steal. The police also confirmed Jean-Jaque is a former Barclays employee. All three have been bailed and are scheduled to appear at Westminster Magistrates Court on 15 October. (v3. co. uk, Alastair Stevenson, 10/11/13) If I had a hance, I would seek employment at a cyber-police unit, because they enable people safe surfing on the internet. Their Job mainly consists of searching possible criminals or breaching suspected websites and getting datas from these websites. If they find something that affects US citizens or US government, they immediately let their fellow law enforcement agents know. Moreover, cyber-police prevents many crimes like cyber cyber stalking is threatening behavior or unwanted advances directed at another using the Internet and other forms of online and computer communications. Cyber ullying is similar to cyber stalking but draws its distinction through demographics.

Recipe for Me free essay sample

â€Å"Today,† the theatre arts teacher began, â€Å"you will create a recipe for yourself, listing things about you in specific quantities as your ingredients, like ‘2 cups of smiles’ for example. At least five ingredients must be used, and you must list them on a poster that you’ll decorate, which you will present to the class. This ‘Recipe for Me’ project will help your classmates and me get to know you better and will allow you to work on your presentation skills. The project is due this Friday, but you have today and tomorrow to work on it in class. If you don’t finish, it becomes homework. So, begin!† she exclaimed to the class, full of twelve year olds who would soon spend the entire period trying to come up with the perfect five ingredient combinations that would accurately portray them; I was one of those twelve year olds. To this day, I still have trouble immediately answering the question, â€Å"What makes me, well, me? † Is it my curiosity? Stubbornness, perhaps? An excellent sense of humor? Or even intellectual oomph? Maybe it’s a little of everything under the sun? Well, just as the â€Å"Recipe for Me† project served to give my teacher and classmates a sense of who I was, this essay will give my readers a sense of who I am today. We will write a custom essay sample on Recipe for Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My parents came to America from Vietnam during the war, had to leave their home to start life anew in a country whose language they could barely understand. The academic success that they achieved in Vietnam could open few doors for them in the U.S., but they know that it will be different for me, one who will probably never move to another country, much less another state. Because my doing well in school is so important to my parents, it is, in turn, important to me. I believe my desire to achieve academic success to have been inborn as well as the result of my parents’ encouragement. They’ve always expected me to do my best, and I’ve always been one to please them, perhaps rendering my academic success to be a self fulfilled prophecy. Well, self fulfilled prophecy or not, I do love to learn and have a strong work ethic, the latter of which I attribute to the determination and diligence my parents have put forth to give me the comfortable life that I have as w ell as the chance to go to a reputable university. I wish neither my parents’ efforts nor the opportunities that I am offered to go to waste, and knowing how important academic success is in this world, especially for an aspiring physician, I have vowed to always make the most of my educational opportunities, no matter where I may find them, be they in the forms of classroom experiences, internships, or even events in my daily life. Naturally, Rice would be no exception. Of course, with yin, one has to have yang. There definitely is a fun ¬ loving side to my personality, and that side makes an appearance when I’m with my friends. I work hard, and I deserve to play hard. Nonetheless, I am not the kind of girl who would enter a bar or a nightclub. My idea of pleasure is not comparable to a wildfire in the West but rather, the blue fire of a distant star. I would love to attend a musical or listen to a symphony orchestra after having dinner with friends on a Friday or Saturday night (I took piano lessons as a child and have loved music ever since). To eat with friends is, in my opinion, one of the greatest pleasures that life can offer; I have never been one to resist a stimulating conversation and contagious laughter over a delicious meal. Furthermore, I have a passion and knack for writing poetry, which has been a hobby of mine since middle school, and in college, I do see myself still churning out poems, which I hope to offer to its literar y magazines. Perhaps that poem might be a Dante esque piece in terza rima, written one spring morning while sitting underneath a large oak or perhaps a free verse poem during an autumn evening†¦.O, the possibilities! While my pleasures are simple and could possibly belong to another century, I do find them quite satisfying, as I hope to find my college years†¦. A longing to learn a little of everything, two cups†¦the strength to succeed, one pound†¦a liking for laughter, a dash†¦a fondness for friends, three tablespoons†¦a penchant for poetry, a pinch†¦and a love of life, one quart†¦.With such ingredients, this â€Å"Recipe for Me† would give you a fun loving, hard working, liberal arts education seeking seventeen year old, a girl who certainly has a different blend of qualities to offer to Rice, a place that she would more than happily call her second home.

Why Are We Afraid of PlagiarismÂÂ

Why Are We Afraid of Plagiarism   Your academic years are some of the most important and influential in your life. What you learn and how well you can portray your knowledge acquisition will dictate your future success. Therefore, it is understandable that many students are afraid of plagiarism. Whether you are wrongly accused or intentionally commit plagiarism, the practice has long-term, negative ramifications. However, we all know the rule Forewarned is Forearmed. Get a closer look on what is plagiarism and you will combat the fear of it for the whole college life. What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of using someone else’s words or ideas and claiming they are your own. This is usually done by an act of omission failing to acknowledge the original source of the information. Things that are most commonly plagiarized include: Ideas Theories Facts Statistics Graphs, drawings or other visuals Spoken or written words How to Avoid Plagiarism? There are several steps you can take to avoid plagiarism. First, rephrase the information you plan to use. This means putting it in your own words. Simply playing with the sentence structure or changing the word or two won’t suffice. However, a paraphrase of the information should still maintain an accurate portrayal of the original purpose or claim. If you are unable to paraphrase the information, include a short quote of the material. This should be a direct quote- capturing exactly what the original author said. It should be noted that most colleges and universities are leery of large, block quotes. Generally, a quote should be less than 40 words. Anything more than that can easily be paraphrased. Second, be sure to add a proper citation. The way you format the citation will depend on the style guide you are using (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.). Usually, this means adding a notation of the author and date of publication (or other reference information). Note: Citations should be added for both quotes and paraphrases. Finally, include a reference page or works cited page. This will expound on the in-context citations you added, providing all the necessary information regarding the sources you used. Again, the formatting of this page will depend on the style guide you are using. It is important to note that your own works need to be properly paraphrased and cited too. If you’ve written something for this or another class, you must cite yourself. Treat the information the same as you would any other source. Otherwise, you risk to be punished for self-plagiarism. There is one exception to proper citation. If the claim is public knowledge- meaning the data can be found in various sources and is commonly known by the general population- you don’t need to cite it. For example, Barak Obama was inaugurated as president of the United States of America in January 2009. Consequences of Plagiarism The students who most commonly worry about the consequences of plagiarism are those who are intentionally embarking on the journey. However, it should be noted that these same punishments are also applied to those who unknowingly commit plagiarism. Each university has its own policy regarding plagiarism and will handle cases based on those predetermined rules. Usually, the severity and frequency of the act will determine the extent of the punishment. Many professors will award zero points for a project that is found to have plagiarized work. Alternately, the student may fail the class. Sometimes, the professor will use the formal disciplinary reporting process to notify university officials. Based on the officials’ findings, the student may be subjected to suspension or expulsion. Some schools make a note of the offense on a student’s transcript. This will severely limit the student’s potential for future success. Many graduate schools and prospective employers reference a student’s transcript; a notation of plagiarism could disqualify the individual for important opportunities. Perhaps more noteworthy is the negative ramifications the student inflicts upon himself. You are depriving yourself of a valuable opportunity to learn and grow each time you commit plagiarism. You aren’t creating your own work or even original thought. Additionally, you run the risk of being ostracised from your friends\ and fellow students. Anyone who has put in the effort will resent your attempt at an easy-out. Lastly, you will ruin the relationship with your professor. That professor could have been a valuable reference down the road and plagiarism will burn any bridges you have already created. Plagiarism is a dangerous act. However, honorable students don’t need to live in fear of accidentally committing a writing crime. Simply take the necessary steps to combat plagiarism; this includes thinking long and hard about intentionally embarking on any path that could jeopardize your future success. Have you ever plagiarised? Do you think plagiarism in college should be allowed? We are waiting for you feedback and your comment!