Different Portrayals of David by Different Artists Essay

Different Portrayals of David by Different Artists - Essay Example The essay "Different Portrayals of David by Different Artists" compares three paintings of David by such artists as Donatello, Michelangelo and Bernini. The most prominent similarity in the three art pieces is the nudity of the subject. Donatello and Michelangelo’s works shamelessly show even the private parts of their subject. Donatello shows David holding Goliath’s sword which he used to cut the head of the giant which he was standing on. He wears sandals and a helmet but his body is not covered at all. Seen on the front, the details of his body are obvious. A viewer can see David’s testicles and his well-built body. The details on his face draw curiosity from viewers because he seems to be looking far with deep thoughts. Michelangelo on the other hand pictures his subject with more details. He is also standing tall and nude but unlike Donatello’s sculpture, the second David has no covering on his feet or head. Michelangelo made more intricate details in his artwork that it seems very real. For instance, the muscular arms show evident veins, the abdomen and chest are well-chiseled to show a natural look. In addition, the face is also very detailed so as to show the facial expression of the subject. Bernini on the other hand covered the private part of his figure. His David is not simply standing but is shown to be in action, almost ready to fight Goliath with a slingshot. On the front view, part of his back is seen and his chest is covered as he positions himself to shoot his enemy.

Web-sources Of Information Of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Web-sources Of Information Of Medicine - Essay Example Medscape Address: http://www.medscape.com/home The website â€Å"Medscape† is very authoritative in its style. It presents diseases with the example of real life cases to help professionals understand the topic in great detail and develop their understanding. It primarily covers the management side of most diseases and ailments. It also provides the relevant research evidence as well as studies' evidence to increase the understanding of topics. There is a section on this website which introduces the opinion from experts in the field of medicine to present their views. The section in the left most column "specialty sites' offers detailed information on diseases and other sections of medicinal studies individually, diseases and issues which are part of the day to day practice of medicine. It covers almost 30 to 35 topics, starting from ‘Allergy and Clinical Immunology’ to ‘Nephrology’ and to ‘Women’s Health’. This site also provides expert’s opinion of different issues in medicine. The Patient Education Centre is an excellent source for patients to visit and learn brief technicalities of the disease they are suffering from, the symptoms, precautions and general management and cure. It also provides the link to Medscape journals and other clinical references which can be very helpful to people who want to further their search on certain topics. It covers the latest news from the field of medicine which is updated on daily basis to help visitors know about innovations and upcoming improvement in this field.

Basic philosophy of the skilled helper model

Basic philosophy of the skilled helper model In the first edition of The Skilled Helper,published in 1975, Egan expounded a model of the helping process with the goal to establish a training technology that applies to helper training and to the helping process itself. The subtitle of The Skilled Helper is A Problem Management and Opportunity Development Approach to Helping, and this reflects Egans focus on problem solving and goal setting rather than dwelling on the past causes of problems. It provides a structured approach to the helping process rather than providing a theory of personality. The Skilled Helper is now in its ninth edition, and with each edition Egan has developed and refined the model, with differing emphasis upon its various stages. Egan does not claim the model asThe Egan Model but regards it as his own version of the basic dynamics of the problem management process (Interview 1995). It is influenced by the Person Centred approach of Carl Rogers and the Cognitive Behavioural theories of Albert Ellis, amongst others. The Rogers Core Conditions help provide the basis of the client-helper relationship whilst the Cognitive Behavioural approach of Albert Ellis can assist with the problem management stages of the model. The model is extremely flexible, and its integrative style allows for the introduction of various psychotherapeutic techniques into the helping process. Its fluidity allows the process to readily flow to any stage of the continuum to suit the clients current needs, whilst providing the helper with orientation on what stage the process is at. It has proved an enduring and successful approach to counselling and problem solving, and has readily crossed into other cultures. Egan partly describes its success as due to its logic being embedded in human beings. The problem solving process is recognised by humans around the world almost as a universal principle and therefore the stages of the model are readily identified with. The use of CBT techniques can introduce problems for under skilled helpers who may provide inappropriate guidance through the problem solving stages. The inexperienced helper may also view the model as a process of rigid stages and this may lead the helper away from the person centred relationship resulting in a poorer outcome for the client. From my own experience in the skills workshops there can be a tendency to rush through each stage of the process rather than develop the relationship at the clients own pace. 2. The key concepts and principles of the model The model breaks the helping process down into three sections, each describing a stage of the helping and problem-solving process. Each stage is further sub-divided into three tasks that help define the stage and the processes involved. Whilst in theory the implementation of the stages is sequential, in practice they overlap, and the helping process may move backwards and forwards freely between stages. Stage 1: The Current Picture This stage sets the scene and is the clients opportunity to say what is happening in their life and to tell their story. Task 1a: The Story The client is encouraged to talk and say why they have come to counselling and what is happening in their lives. The counsellor must draw upon Rogers Core Conditions and their active listening skills to build a relationship that expresses their understanding and acceptance of the client. Such skills would include open questions, reflection, paraphrasing and summarising The narrative should progress at the clients own pace. Task 1b: Blind Spots and New Perspectives The purpose of this task is to help the client recognise the blind spots in their story that they may have overlooked or not recognised, and to help them take a new perspective on them. The counsellor can draw upon their skills of advanced empathy and immediacy to raise questions that challenge the clients perception or understanding. Self-disclosure may be used with caution by the counsellor if it is felt appropriate, whilst the counsellors use of immediacy may challenge the client to consider what is going on here and now. Task 1c: Leverage As part of stages 1a and 1b the client may have raised many issues that could be discussed. However, stage 1a helps the client, through appropriate questioning, to focus and identify one issue that would bring the greater benefit and make a difference in their life. Often managing such a problem or opportunity may minimise or eliminate the other issues raised. Alternatively the large problems in a clients life may seem so unresolvable that they need reducing to smaller issues that will help the client cope with the present, and allow them to address further issues one step at a time. The issue chosen should be of sufficient gravity to continue working with, often clients will choose problems that they can manage happily themselves. It is also important that the client is able to take ownership of the problem and show commitment to resolving it before moving to stage 2 of the model. Stage 2: The Preferred Picture At stage 2 the client is helped to envisage what their ideal outcome would be, what they want their world to look like. From the future possibilities the counsellor can help the client focus on a range of objectives to work towards. Task 2a: Possibilities The client is helped to consider the possibilities for a better future and to explore what that future may be. This task often involves a level of brainstorming and creative thinking. Clients should be encouraged to use their imagination and suspend judgement. A typical question the counsellor may ask would be If you had a magic wand what would you want? Task 2b: Change Agenda From the range of possibilities identified in task 2a, workable goals can be identified which constitute the clients change agenda. The goals should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-based) and it is important that they are the clients goals. Task 2c: Commitment When a client leaves a counselling session and has to face the distractions of daily life, goals set at 2b are easily forgotten. The counsellor can help by ensuring that the goals chosen are appealing to the client and the clients own. The client should be helped to embrace and take ownership of the goals Stage 3 The Way Forward Without a strategy, the client may feel that the goals chosen at 2b remain unrealisable. This stage helps formulate strategies for achieving the clients goals. From these strategies a plan can be drawn to help the client move forward. Task 3a: Possible Strategies The client is encouraged to think about the possible paths that can be taken to achieve their goals. Like at stage 2a, the client should be encouraged to brainstorm and be imaginative. The counsellor may use their skills in probing and prompting to help the client focus on different avenues. Task 3b: Best-fit Strategies There may be a number of possible strategies identified at stage 3a, however not all may be suitable to the clients circumstances. At this stage the counsellor can help the client to choose the most appropriate. Ideally, the preferred strategies will be those that are most likely to succeed and that the client has enthusiasm for. 3. The Introduction of Material From Two Other Therapeutic Schools Transactional Analysis (TA) TA is a theory of personality developed by Eric Berne (1910-1970), a Canadian psychologist that looks at the analysis of social interactions. Berne stressed the importance of early life experiences on our personality and was influenced emerging humanist ideas that people are born OK. The philosophy of TA is based upon 3 assumptions: People are born OK We can all make our own decisions Nobody can make us do, think or say anything without our consent. TA comprises three key areas: A theory of personality comprising 3 ego states. Child, Adult, Parent that reflect our thoughts and behaviours A model of communication or transactions. In particular Berne was interested in what ego state people were transacting from and to. A developmental model referring to life scripts. We all develop a life script from an early age and live our life by it. Both the Egan Model and Transactional Analysis challenge clients to have a new perspective upon problems and both are influenced by Rogers Person Centred approach and the core conditions. However whilst TA is a theory of personality based upon ego states, the Egan model does not address personality or social theory and provides framework for helping into which elements of other theories can be introduced. TA therapy is generally over a much longer period than counselling under the Egan model which defines the specific goals of the counselling sessions much more clearly. Psychodynamic Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy is based upon the personality theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and psychoanalytical psychotherapy. Freud recognised a difference between the conscious and the unconscious, or repressed, mind. A mid way between the two is our pre-conscious where our subconscious filters into our dreams or fantasies. Psychodynamic counselling aims to bring the unconscious to the conscious, enabling the client to construct a more effective personality through their increased awareness. Freud developed three components of personality: Id. Our basic, unconscious instincts. Our animal drives Ego. the ego represents what may be called reason and common sense, in contrast to the id which contains the passions (Freud 1923) Superego. An internal moral, parental voice. Freud believed that our childhood influenced our later personality and that we later re-enacted the patterns established at an early age. Psychodynamic counselling focuses on early development and experiences to help the client understand the present. Psychodynamic Counselling is insight orientated and tries to gain understanding by delving into our past. The Egan approach is goal orientated, looking to a better future created by the clients own actions. Egan is built upon the Person Centred ideas of Rogers and is therefore client centred. The best person to solve the clients problem, is the client. In contrast Psychodynamic counselling is expert based. The counsellor interprets the evidence provided by the client. Egan looks to change current situations whilst Psychodynamic Counselling looks for understanding. However,the flexibility of the Egan framework allows psychodynamic, or other, theories to be introduced if the counsellor believes this would be of benefit. 5. Recognition of Using Methods and Techniques Without Adequate Training

How Normal Has Changed Since September 11 Essay -- September 11 Terror

     Ã‚  Ã‚  The terrorist attacks on September 11th affected more than the lives of those in the targeted cities. Nearly every American has felt the rippling effect in both subtle and obvious ways. Everything from what people are eating to the toys that are in demand has been altered because people's perceptions have changed. Though this country has always been considered a patriotic nation, its true colors had not shown in recent history until this tragedy. Now it is apparent that its colors are red, white, and blue. Despite the many negative aspects of the terrorist attacks, some of the changes that have happened in America have been for the better. How ironic for our enemies it would be if their acts meant for evil resulted in an overall improvement in our country. Soon after the attacks, President Bush urged the public to return to normalcy. However, I echo the feelings behind a slogan for the WordsCanHeal campaign: "Why go back to normal when you can be better than normal?" ("Priorities").    Fear is a powerful motivator. Threats of more attacks, anthrax, presumed unsafe flying, and a slipping economy have been keeping people home more than in recent years. Across the nation, business travel has decreased by nearly 30% since this time last year (Guzman and Higgins 1). In result, more parents are at home with their families this season. When they are together, quality communication is more likely, and uniting together as a family can begin. As I believe that the strength of a nation lies in the strength of its families, situations that encourage family communication may benefit the nation as a whole, far above what the traveling industry may suffer. However, the transition of having Mom or Dad at home more often has not bee... ...urselves through our apathy and refusal to think. Works Cited Agins, Teri. "Markdown Malaise." The Wall Street Journal 7 Dec. 2001: B1+. Bhatia, Pooja. "Big Hit in Toyland: Shrinky Dinks, a '70s Throwback." The Wall Street Journal 21 Nov. 2001: B1+. Boodman, Sandra G. "In Troubled Times, Kids Go for the Feary Tales." Washington Post. 3 Dec. 2001. Erickson, Amy K. "There's a War On-Have an Oreo." Washington Post 20 Nov. 2001: HE03. Goodstein, Laurie. "As Attacks' Impact Recedes, a Return to Religion as Usual." New York Times 26 Nov. 2001. Guzman, Rafer, and Michelle Higgins. "Stay-at-Home Stress." The Wall Street Journal 30 Nov. 2001: W1+. Levere, Jane L. "Survey Offers Insights on College Students' Mood Since Sept. 11." New York Times 27 Nov. 2001. "Priorities Changing After Sept. 11." New York Times 3 Dec. 2001.

White Settlement

â€Å"What was the impact on White Settlement on Indigenous life between 1788- 1861? Describe the meeting of two cultures that we see in Bennelong and William Buckley. † 1. Early years in Sydney- Arthur Phillip and Bennelong In 1788, led by Captain Arthur Phillip (Australia’s first governor), the Europeans had arrived in Australia with the first fleet. They saw no sign of life and had no idea that the Indigenous people had been living in Australia for thousands even tens of thousands of years. But the Indigenous people were very aware that they had come and were deeply fascinated by them. At first they thought they were ghosts or evil spirits but they soon realized that these white-skinned and strangely-dressed people were planning to stay, and that they were. These â€Å"white-skinned’ people were in fact convicts who was shipped to do hard laborious work for their committed crime. Life before Europeans had settled in Australia was a very different place. There was either clear land and/or lots of bush. There were no boats, building or roads, in fact the Indigenous people probably had no idea there was such thing. This was probably why Arthur Phillip presumed the land could be theirs because no-one held sovereign right. But the Indigenous people were living there. The Indigenous people lived happily and peacefully with guidance from their elders who knew local dream time stories and customs. They comfortable living together, helping and sharing with one another and stayed alive by eating animals and berries from the bush. They didn’t need fancy clothes, building or roads unlike the Europeans to live a good life. On the 25 November 1789, Captain Arthur Phillip, captured elder Bennelong and used him as a way to learn about the language and customs of the indigenous people. Bennelong willingly liaised between the cultures, and adopted European dress and other ways. 2. Victoria- Buckley and batman After convict William Buckley’s escape from the Victorian settlement he was discovered by the Wathaurang people who thought this pale, 198cm giant carrying a spear was the ghost of one of their leaders. Buckley had arrived at Port Phillip Bay from England in 1803 with about 300 soldiers, settlers and convicts after being sentenced to transportation for life. Before the European settlement was abandoned, Buckley escaped. He wandered alone for weeks before he was befriended by the Wathaurang people. Over the next 32 years Buckley lived with the Wathaurang, learnt their language and customs, married and had a daughter. In 1835 he finally emerged to meet Batman’s colonising party and tried to work as an intermediary between settlers and aborigines, but felt he wasn’t trusted by either. 3. Overview of their decline and dispossession of land Victoria was originally the home to many Indigenous tribes that had been living there for a long period of time. Although when the Europeans settled in Australia Batman planned to negotiate his way into ‘buying’ the land of the Indigenous people. Once Batman arrived in Victoria he approached the local Indigenous leaders with a contract, to ‘buy' their land. His negotiations were successful, and he walked away with 240,000 hectares of prime farming terrain – almost all of the Kulin nation’s ancestral land even though they were technically not eligible to sell the land as it wasn’t really their land. However the transaction went ahead, and it was agreed that batman was to on a annual basis, give them 40 blankets, 30 axes, 100 knives, 50 scissors, 30 mirrors, 200 handkerchiefs, 100 pounds of flour and 6 shirts in exchange for the land. Because of this transaction between the Indigenous People and Batman the majority of Victoria’s population is, as the Indigenous people originally called us, â€Å"white-skinned†.

Environment Issue Essay

I choose to have quantity of water over the quality of it. We all know that water, is a inportant in our daily life. It is a fact that our body is composed of 75 percent water and it is understandable that water is the most essential ingredient of our daily life. A person can survive without eating in a span of 1 month, but no one can survive with more than 3 days without water. Aside from the fact that our earth covers 70% of water only 1% percent of it serve as a reliable source of drinking. Therefore it is important to increase the quantity of available water for drinking to supply the growing public demands for rehidration. (Audet p. 1) As we enter to globalization, the rise in population creates an impact to society in water consumption. Modernization and continued growth in infrastracture creates an environmental impact in our society. Continued contamination to primary source of water is a major reason why we need a quantity of available water for drinking. This one reason, I chose quantity of water over quality. It may also be relatec to the modern ways of water filtration. With the help of modern technology and comprehensive reaseach for clean water, it shows that the increase on the quantity of water is more important than quality. There are already existing ways to create a clean water to drink out of contaminated water. One of which is the Bioremediation. It is an evironmental process for water purification and has the capability to convert contaminated water to a suitable water for drinking. (Audet p. 1) In relation to the case of Las Vegas campaign for water shortage, increasing the quantity of water promotes growth for the so called Sin City. Studies shows, the population of Las Vegas City doubled up its population upon hitting the year 1990. Due to this significant growth of the city population, sourcing water for rehidration became an issue as the primary source of water (Colorado River) reported worst drought in its history. (Hutchinson p. 1). In fact, the primary Question here is how to contain the demands of water for the growing city of Las Vegas.Therefore, a campaign to increase the quantity of water can address the issue on water shortage of the city. Reference Marye Audet (n. d). Water Filtration Systems: Clean Drinking Water for All. 2007 Hubpages Inc. : http://hubpages. com/hub/Water-Filtration-Systems-Clean-Drinking-Water-for-All Alex Hutchinson (2007). Las Vegas Tries to Prevent a Water Shortage. 2008 Hearst Communications, Inc: http://www. popularmechanics. com/science/earth/4210244. html